老师您好能否帮我讲解下下面这个文章考试时该如何读，我读完这种文章压根不知道在说什么，只知道在讲ocean basin形成机制的几种理论。No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt (conveyor belt: n. 传送带) and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a back-coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions. On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offsets (an abrupt bend in an object by which one part is turned aside out of line) or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. This plate is growing on both sides, and since there is no intermediate trench, the two ridges must be moving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pace with them. An alternative theory is that the sinking part of the plate, which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle, pulls the rest of the plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the South Atlantic, where neither the African nor the American plate has a sinking part. Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas, such as the Sea of Japan. These seas have a typical oceanic floor, except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins. The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth’s surface, and seriously require explanation because, in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs, there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and perhaps the North Sea.

请问这道题c选项为什么不能用过去完成式？之前的“had installed”不也是过去完成式吗...怎么判断什么时候用过去完成时什么时候用现在完成时什么时间用一般过去时啊？

请问这道题e选项“that”表示了什么？

请问在这道题里面 to do和doing的区别是什么？

请问这道题为什么不可以用过去完成时？“its trunk”里面的its会不会被当成是aquatic animal而不是大象？“with”之后是不可以接整句吗？

请问这道题b、c为什么不对

请问这道题e选项错在哪里？

请问这道题为什么不能选e？

请问为什么c不对？that of是什么意思？

请问in which 和 where的区别是什么？哪个能指代抽象地点，哪个是实际地点？

D选项错的原因之一是说不应该用that they participate 请问这个错在哪里了？