上周没讲专题，我们这周补上，另外，我身体没什么事情，各位不用再问我问题前加句前言不搭后语的话：老师，听说你身体不好，一定要注意哦！天气太热了；我问你个问题。。。。，让我感觉前后内容完全脱节，还是直接问吧，别绕了，又绕不好！ Comparable worth, as a standard applied to eliminate inequities in pay, insists that the values of certain tasks performed in dissimilar jobs can be compared. In the last decade, this approach has become a critical social policy issue, as large numbers of private-sector firms and industries as well as federal, state, and local governmental entities have adopted comparable worth policies or begun to consider doing so. This widespread institutional awareness of comparable worth indicates increased public awareness that pay inequities--that is, situations in which pay is not "fair" because it does not reflect the true value of a job--exist in the labor market. However, the question still remains: have the gains already made in pay equity under comparable worth principles been of a precedent-setting nature or are they mostly transitory, a function of concessions made by employers to mislead female employees into believing that they have made long-term pay equity gains? Comparable worth pay adjustments are indeed precedent-setting. Because of the principles driving them, other mandates that can be applied to reduce or eliminate unjustified pay gaps between male and female workers have not remedied perceived pay inequities satisfactorily for the litigants in cases in which men and women hold different jobs. But whenever comparable worth principles are applied to pay schedules, perceived unjustified pay differences are eliminated. In this sense, then, comparable worth is more comprehensive than other mandates, such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Neither compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs across occupational categories) in an effort to determine whether or not what is necessary to perform these tasks--know-how, problem-solving, and accountability--can be quantified in terms of its dollar value to the employer. Comparable worth, on the other hand, takes as its premise that certain tasks in dissimilar jobs may require a similar amount of training, effort, and skill; may carry similar responsibility; may be carried on in an environment having a similar impact upon the worker; and may have a similar dollar value to the employer. Question #43. 281-01 (23269-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-01) Which of the following most accurately states the central purpose of the passage? (A) To criticize the implementation of a new procedure (B) To assess the significance of a change in policy (C) To illustrate how a new standard alters procedures (D) To explain how a new policy is applied in specific cases (E) To summarize the changes made to date as a result of social policy Many United States companies believe that the rising cost of employees' health care benefits has hurt the country's competitive position in the global market by raising production costs and thus increasing the prices of exported and domestically sold goods. As a result, these companies have shifted health care costs to employees in the form of wage deductions or high deductibles. This strategy, however, has actually hindered companies' competitiveness. For example, cost shifting threatens employees' health because many do not seek preventive screening. Also, labor relations have been damaged: the percentage of strikes in which health benefits were a major issue rose from 18 percent in 1986 to 78 percent in 1989. Health care costs can be managed more effectively if companies intervene in the supply side of health care delivery just as they do with other key suppliers: strategies used to procure components necessary for production would work in procuring health care. For example, the make/buy decision--the decision whether to produce or purchase parts used in making a product--can be applied to health care. At one company, for example, employees receive health care at an on-site clinic maintained by the company. The clinic fosters morale, resulting in a low rate of employees leaving the company. Additionally, the company has constrained the growth of health care costs while expanding medical services. Question #47. 323-01 (23463-!-item-!-188;#058&000323-01) The passage is primarily concerned with (A) providing support for a traditional theory (B) comparing several explanations for a problem (C) summarizing a well-known research study (D) recommending an alternative approach (E) criticizing the work of a researcher Dendrochronology, the study of tree-ring records to glean information about the past, is possible because each year a tree adds a new layer of wood between the existing wood and the bark. In temperate and subpolar climates, cells added at the growing season's start are large and thin-walled, but later the new cells that develop are smaller and thick-walled; the growing season is followed by a period of dormancy. When a tree trunk is viewed in cross section, a boundary line is normally visible between the small-celled wood added at the end of the growing season in the previous year and the large-celled spring wood of the following year's growing season. The annual growth pattern appears as a series of larger and larger rings. In wet years rings are broad; during drought years they are narrow, since the trees grow less. Often, ring patterns of dead trees of different, but overlapping, ages can be correlated to provide an extended index of past climate conditions. However, trees that grew in areas with a steady supply of groundwater show little variation in ring width from year to year; these "complacent" rings tell nothing about changes in climate. And trees in extremely dry regions may go a year or two without adding any rings, thereby introducing uncertainties into the count. Certain species sometimes add more than one ring in a single year, when growth halts temporarily and then starts again. The passage is primarily concerned with (A) evaluating the effect of climate on the growth of trees of different species (B) questioning the validity of a method used to study tree-ring records (C) explaining how climatic conditions can be deduced from tree-ring patterns (D) outlining the relation between tree size and cell structure within the tree (E) tracing the development of a scientific method of analyzing tree-ring patterns What kinds of property rights apply to Algonquian family hunting territories, and how did they come to be? The dominant view in recent decades has been that family hunting territories, like other forms of private landownership, were not found among Algonquians (a group of North American Indian tribes) before contact with Europeans but are the result of changes in Algonquian society brought about by the European-Algonquian fur trade, in combination with other factors such as ecological changes and consequent shifts in wildlife harvesting patterns. Another view claims that Algonquian family hunting territories predate contact with Europeans and are forms of private landownership by individuals and families. More recent fieldwork, however, has shown that individual and family rights to hunting territories form part of a larger land-use system of multifamilial hunting groups, that rights to hunting territories at this larger community level take precedence over those at the individual or family level, and that this system reflects a concept of spiritual and social reciprocity that conflicts with European concepts of private property. In short, there are now strong reasons to think that it was erroneous to claim that Algonquian family hunting territories ever were, or were becoming, a kind of private property system. Question #53. 351-01 (23751-!-item-!-188;#058&000351-01) The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) provide an explanation for an unexpected phenomenon (B) suggest that a particular question has yet to be answered (C) present a new perspective on an issue (D) defend a traditional view from attack (E) reconcile opposing sides of an argument Many people believe that because wages are lower in developing countries than in developed countries, competition from developing countries in goods traded internationally will soon eliminate large numbers of jobs in developed countries. Currently, developed countries' advanced technology results in higher productivity, which accounts for their higher wages. Advanced technology is being transferred ever more speedily across borders, but even with the latest technology, productivity and wages in developing countries will remain lower than in developed countries for many years because developed countries have better infrastructure and better-educated workers. When productivity in a developing country does catch up, experience suggests that wages there will rise. Some individual firms in developing countries have raised their productivity but kept their wages (which are influenced by average productivity in the country's economy) low. However, in a developing country's economy as a whole, productivity improvements in goods traded internationally are likely to cause an increase in wages. Furthermore, if wages are not allowed to rise, the value of the country's currency will appreciate, which (from the developed countries' point of view) is the equivalent of increased wages in the developing country. And although in the past a few countries have deliberately kept their currencies undervalued, that is now much harder to do in a world where capital moves more freely. Question #56. 549-01 (23894-!-item-!-188;#058&000549-01) The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) identify the origin of a common misconception (B) discuss the implications of a generally accepted principle (C) present information relevant in evaluating a commonly held belief (D) defend a controversial assertion against a variety of counterarguments (E) explain under what circumstances a well-known phenomenon occurs A recent study has provided clues to predator-prey dynamics in the late Pleistocene era. Researchers compared the number of tooth fractures in present-day carnivores with tooth fractures in carnivores that lived 36,000 to 10,000 years ago and that were preserved in the Rancho La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles. The breakage frequencies in the extinct species were strikingly higher than those in the present-day species. In considering possible explanations for this finding, the researchers dismissed demographic bias because older individuals were not overrepresented in the fossil samples. They rejected preservational bias because a total absence of breakage in two extinct species demonstrated that the fractures were not the result of abrasion within the pits. They ruled out local bias because breakage data obtained from other Pleistocene sites were similar to the La Brea data. The explanation they consider most plausible is behavioral differences between extinct and present-day carnivores--in particular, more contact between the teeth of predators and the bones of prey due to more thorough consumption of carcasses by the extinct species. Such thorough carcass consumption implies to the researchers either that prey availability was low, at least seasonally, or that there was intense competition over kills and a high rate of carcass theft due to relatively high predator densities. Question #59. 560-01 (24039-!-item-!-188;#058&000560-01) The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) present several explanations for a well-known fact (B) suggest alternative methods for resolving a debate (C) argue in favor of a controversial theory (D) question the methodology used in a study (E) discuss the implications of a research finding

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The Achaemenid empire of Persia reached the Indus Valley in the fifth century B.C., bringing (the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and ) southern Indian alphabets. A. the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and B. the Aramaic script with it, and from which deriving both the northern and the C. with it the Aramaic script, from which derive both the northern and the D. with it the Aramaic script, from which derives both northern and E. with it the Aramaic script, and deriving from it both the northern and 老师，上次答疑太卡，我后来听录音还是不太明白，题干不是说script derives from alphabets吗？ derive from 在这里改怎么理解？起源于？今晚有课，听不了答疑，麻烦老师讲解。

还有一个圆柱的的1/2中间切，直径是12ft，高是10ft，打横放的，没有一个半球面，没有一个底面，求表面积？ 另外一道机经和这个特别像，但是这个题说没有一个半球面，没有一个底面，看解析说要多加一个半圆的面积，不明白什么意思，麻烦老师讲解。

If r and s are positive integers, can the fraction r/s be expressed as a decimal with only a finite number of nonzero digits? 1 s is a factor of 100 2 r is a factor of 100 答案是A 这种题应该什么思路？ 不太会，答案没看懂。。。谢谢

at a certain company, a test was given to a group of men and women seeking promotions. If the average （arithmetic mean） score for the group was 80, was the average score for the women greater than 85? 1 the average score for the men was less than 75 2 the group consisted of more men than women. OG上给的答案太难记了，有简单一些的办法看出来吗？ 单看的话觉得是E

The Achaemenid empire of Persia reached the Indus Valley in the fifth century B.C., bringing (the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and ) southern Indian alphabets. A. the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and B. the Aramaic script with it, and from which deriving both the northern and the C. with it the Aramaic script, from which derive both the northern and the D. with it the Aramaic script, from which derives both northern and E. with it the Aramaic script, and deriving from it both the northern and 答案是C，错选了D。bringing the script with it 和 bringing with it the script 的区别不太清楚，只是感觉读起来没有后者顺，就把AB排除了。E的and并列在句中没有体现，排除。CD的derive应该指的是script，按理说应该是单数啊，为什么会选C？麻烦老师讲解。

我找的错误里有遗漏或多余的吗？谢谢 The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life: "Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeing new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios's unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the region's manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies." Discuss how well reasoned ... etc. 下面是我找的错误： 1.失业率降低和新商机没有因果关系 2.工业发达不适合吸引高科技 3.即便吸引高科技，也不能证明扩张经济

( Where once the union had acquiesced to the prejudices of its English-speaking members by supporting ) the imposition of an alien tax on immigrant workers, after 1897 the United Mine Workers made a determined effort to enlist Italians and Slavs in its ranks. (A) Where once the union had acquiesced to the prejudices of its English-speaking members by supporting (B) Where once the union acquiesced to it English-speaking members’ prejudice for the support of (C) While once the union had acquiesced to the prejudices of its English-speaking members in support of (D) While once the union acquiesced to its English-speaking members’ prejudice in supporting (E) While once the union had acquiesced to the prejudices of its English-speaking members in its supporting of 答案是A，错选了D。where once该怎么理解，而且时态也很难把握，我是根据后半句的made把用了过去完成时的选项都排除了。麻烦老师讲解。

During Roosevelt's years in office, Black Americans began voting for Democrats rather than Republic in nation electons, but Black support for Democrats at the state and local levels ( developed only after when civil rights legislation was supported by Harry Turman ). A. developed only after when civil rights legislation was supported by Harry Turman B. developed only after when Harry Turman supported civil rights legislation C. developed only after Harry Turman's support of civil rights legislation by Harry Turman D. develops only at the time after the supporting of civil rights legislation by Harry Turman E. develops only after there being Harry Turman's support of civil rights legislation 答案是C，错选了B。感觉C说的好绕，B的错误是only after 和when连用吗？麻烦老师讲解。

( Severe and increasing numerous critics are pointing to deficiencies in the British legal system, deficiencies that seem ) to deny a proper defense to many clients who are charged with crimes. A. Severe and increasing numerous critics are pointing to deficiencies in the British legal system, deficiencies that seem B. Severe and increasing numerous critics point to deficiencies in the British legal system, deficiencies seeming C. Severe and increasingly numerous critics are pointing to deficiencies in the British legal system that seem D. Severe and increasingly numerous critics point to deficiencies in the British legal system seeming E. Severe and increasingly numerous critics are pointing to deficiencies in the British legal system that seem 答案是C，错选了B。感觉后面应该有that seem，但是发现这个形式的ACE都是现在进行时，不明白为什么要用现在进行时。that seem和seeming的区别是什么？increasing numerous critics和increasingly numerous critics表达的意思是不是不同？麻烦老师讲解。