上周没讲专题，我们这周补上，另外，我身体没什么事情，各位不用再问我问题前加句前言不搭后语的话：老师，听说你身体不好，一定要注意哦！天气太热了；我问你个问题。。。。，让我感觉前后内容完全脱节，还是直接问吧，别绕了，又绕不好！ Comparable worth, as a standard applied to eliminate inequities in pay, insists that the values of certain tasks performed in dissimilar jobs can be compared. In the last decade, this approach has become a critical social policy issue, as large numbers of private-sector firms and industries as well as federal, state, and local governmental entities have adopted comparable worth policies or begun to consider doing so. This widespread institutional awareness of comparable worth indicates increased public awareness that pay inequities--that is, situations in which pay is not "fair" because it does not reflect the true value of a job--exist in the labor market. However, the question still remains: have the gains already made in pay equity under comparable worth principles been of a precedent-setting nature or are they mostly transitory, a function of concessions made by employers to mislead female employees into believing that they have made long-term pay equity gains? Comparable worth pay adjustments are indeed precedent-setting. Because of the principles driving them, other mandates that can be applied to reduce or eliminate unjustified pay gaps between male and female workers have not remedied perceived pay inequities satisfactorily for the litigants in cases in which men and women hold different jobs. But whenever comparable worth principles are applied to pay schedules, perceived unjustified pay differences are eliminated. In this sense, then, comparable worth is more comprehensive than other mandates, such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Neither compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs across occupational categories) in an effort to determine whether or not what is necessary to perform these tasks--know-how, problem-solving, and accountability--can be quantified in terms of its dollar value to the employer. Comparable worth, on the other hand, takes as its premise that certain tasks in dissimilar jobs may require a similar amount of training, effort, and skill; may carry similar responsibility; may be carried on in an environment having a similar impact upon the worker; and may have a similar dollar value to the employer. Question #43. 281-01 (23269-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-01) Which of the following most accurately states the central purpose of the passage? (A) To criticize the implementation of a new procedure (B) To assess the significance of a change in policy (C) To illustrate how a new standard alters procedures (D) To explain how a new policy is applied in specific cases (E) To summarize the changes made to date as a result of social policy Many United States companies believe that the rising cost of employees' health care benefits has hurt the country's competitive position in the global market by raising production costs and thus increasing the prices of exported and domestically sold goods. As a result, these companies have shifted health care costs to employees in the form of wage deductions or high deductibles. This strategy, however, has actually hindered companies' competitiveness. For example, cost shifting threatens employees' health because many do not seek preventive screening. Also, labor relations have been damaged: the percentage of strikes in which health benefits were a major issue rose from 18 percent in 1986 to 78 percent in 1989. Health care costs can be managed more effectively if companies intervene in the supply side of health care delivery just as they do with other key suppliers: strategies used to procure components necessary for production would work in procuring health care. For example, the make/buy decision--the decision whether to produce or purchase parts used in making a product--can be applied to health care. At one company, for example, employees receive health care at an on-site clinic maintained by the company. The clinic fosters morale, resulting in a low rate of employees leaving the company. Additionally, the company has constrained the growth of health care costs while expanding medical services. Question #47. 323-01 (23463-!-item-!-188;#058&000323-01) The passage is primarily concerned with (A) providing support for a traditional theory (B) comparing several explanations for a problem (C) summarizing a well-known research study (D) recommending an alternative approach (E) criticizing the work of a researcher Dendrochronology, the study of tree-ring records to glean information about the past, is possible because each year a tree adds a new layer of wood between the existing wood and the bark. In temperate and subpolar climates, cells added at the growing season's start are large and thin-walled, but later the new cells that develop are smaller and thick-walled; the growing season is followed by a period of dormancy. When a tree trunk is viewed in cross section, a boundary line is normally visible between the small-celled wood added at the end of the growing season in the previous year and the large-celled spring wood of the following year's growing season. The annual growth pattern appears as a series of larger and larger rings. In wet years rings are broad; during drought years they are narrow, since the trees grow less. Often, ring patterns of dead trees of different, but overlapping, ages can be correlated to provide an extended index of past climate conditions. However, trees that grew in areas with a steady supply of groundwater show little variation in ring width from year to year; these "complacent" rings tell nothing about changes in climate. And trees in extremely dry regions may go a year or two without adding any rings, thereby introducing uncertainties into the count. Certain species sometimes add more than one ring in a single year, when growth halts temporarily and then starts again. The passage is primarily concerned with (A) evaluating the effect of climate on the growth of trees of different species (B) questioning the validity of a method used to study tree-ring records (C) explaining how climatic conditions can be deduced from tree-ring patterns (D) outlining the relation between tree size and cell structure within the tree (E) tracing the development of a scientific method of analyzing tree-ring patterns What kinds of property rights apply to Algonquian family hunting territories, and how did they come to be? The dominant view in recent decades has been that family hunting territories, like other forms of private landownership, were not found among Algonquians (a group of North American Indian tribes) before contact with Europeans but are the result of changes in Algonquian society brought about by the European-Algonquian fur trade, in combination with other factors such as ecological changes and consequent shifts in wildlife harvesting patterns. Another view claims that Algonquian family hunting territories predate contact with Europeans and are forms of private landownership by individuals and families. More recent fieldwork, however, has shown that individual and family rights to hunting territories form part of a larger land-use system of multifamilial hunting groups, that rights to hunting territories at this larger community level take precedence over those at the individual or family level, and that this system reflects a concept of spiritual and social reciprocity that conflicts with European concepts of private property. In short, there are now strong reasons to think that it was erroneous to claim that Algonquian family hunting territories ever were, or were becoming, a kind of private property system. Question #53. 351-01 (23751-!-item-!-188;#058&000351-01) The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) provide an explanation for an unexpected phenomenon (B) suggest that a particular question has yet to be answered (C) present a new perspective on an issue (D) defend a traditional view from attack (E) reconcile opposing sides of an argument Many people believe that because wages are lower in developing countries than in developed countries, competition from developing countries in goods traded internationally will soon eliminate large numbers of jobs in developed countries. Currently, developed countries' advanced technology results in higher productivity, which accounts for their higher wages. Advanced technology is being transferred ever more speedily across borders, but even with the latest technology, productivity and wages in developing countries will remain lower than in developed countries for many years because developed countries have better infrastructure and better-educated workers. When productivity in a developing country does catch up, experience suggests that wages there will rise. Some individual firms in developing countries have raised their productivity but kept their wages (which are influenced by average productivity in the country's economy) low. However, in a developing country's economy as a whole, productivity improvements in goods traded internationally are likely to cause an increase in wages. Furthermore, if wages are not allowed to rise, the value of the country's currency will appreciate, which (from the developed countries' point of view) is the equivalent of increased wages in the developing country. And although in the past a few countries have deliberately kept their currencies undervalued, that is now much harder to do in a world where capital moves more freely. Question #56. 549-01 (23894-!-item-!-188;#058&000549-01) The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) identify the origin of a common misconception (B) discuss the implications of a generally accepted principle (C) present information relevant in evaluating a commonly held belief (D) defend a controversial assertion against a variety of counterarguments (E) explain under what circumstances a well-known phenomenon occurs A recent study has provided clues to predator-prey dynamics in the late Pleistocene era. Researchers compared the number of tooth fractures in present-day carnivores with tooth fractures in carnivores that lived 36,000 to 10,000 years ago and that were preserved in the Rancho La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles. The breakage frequencies in the extinct species were strikingly higher than those in the present-day species. In considering possible explanations for this finding, the researchers dismissed demographic bias because older individuals were not overrepresented in the fossil samples. They rejected preservational bias because a total absence of breakage in two extinct species demonstrated that the fractures were not the result of abrasion within the pits. They ruled out local bias because breakage data obtained from other Pleistocene sites were similar to the La Brea data. The explanation they consider most plausible is behavioral differences between extinct and present-day carnivores--in particular, more contact between the teeth of predators and the bones of prey due to more thorough consumption of carcasses by the extinct species. Such thorough carcass consumption implies to the researchers either that prey availability was low, at least seasonally, or that there was intense competition over kills and a high rate of carcass theft due to relatively high predator densities. Question #59. 560-01 (24039-!-item-!-188;#058&000560-01) The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) present several explanations for a well-known fact (B) suggest alternative methods for resolving a debate (C) argue in favor of a controversial theory (D) question the methodology used in a study (E) discuss the implications of a research finding

有三组滑冰运动员，第一组全是single women，6个人，第二组是paired，3组，第三组是single men，5个人，他们的出场顺序是single women-paired-single men，问一共有多少种order？ （1）6+3+5 （2）6！*3！*5！ （3）6*3*5 （4）（6+3+5）！

一个数能被10^r 整除，不能被10^（r+1）整除，求r？ （1）这个数能被2^5整除，不能被2^6整除 （2）这个数能被5^6整除，不能被5^7整除

30个蓝球10个红球，摸一个放回去再摸一个，摸到两个颜色一样的就结束。第一个摸的是红球，问在摸到两个蓝球前摸到红球的概率是多少。

两个整数XY，问是否知道XY的值？ （1）X,Y的common divisor是（一个值） （2）X/Y=（一个值）

一个rectangular block，求表面积？ （1）each two面的面积是11，其中一边长（某个数） （2）一个边的边长是（某个数）

PS：俩骰子每面各是1-6，且每投一次各个数字冲上的概率一致。问同时扔这俩，俩加和是9或者5的概率？选了2/9。 老师您好，解析给是：共有6*6=36种，等于9的情况3+6,4+5,5+4,6+3。等于5的情况1+4,2+3,3+2,4+1。一共8个，所以是8/36=2/9。这是考虑了顺序的，8种情况是考虑到顺序，但我觉得不应该考虑顺序，应该只有4种。请指点。

一道数学机经题，没有具体数字麻烦老师讲下思路~~谢谢~~ DS： 有10个马拉松运动员平均成绩是2分32秒，问能否推出range？ 条件1：最快5个的range是XX 条件2：最慢5个的range是XX 构筑：不确定，选了e 构筑答案：E 整理菌答案：详见解析 解析: 整理菌列了几组数字来计算，感觉不能推出E。 但应该可以根据平均成绩以及人数，进行系统的计算。欢迎讨论！！

还是数学机经题~想问一下老师这个题不用反证法可以解吗？？或者反证法合理吗？？谢谢~~ DS：问h是不是prime number 条件1：h的factor都大于根号h 条件2：h的factor都大于h/2 反证法： 假设h = a*b 且a, b >1， h不是质数。 条件1： a，b>根号h，then H > 根号h*根号h = h， 推出矛盾，所以h不能写成两个大于1的数相乘，所以h是质数； 条件2： 同理 H>2/h*2/h=h^2/4 推出h<4, then h = 2 or 3, 是质数， 与假设矛盾。所以h是质数。 选D

有一个矩形的green sport field，长为L，宽为W，周围是一圈walking trace，宽为d，其中四个角是矩形的，面积分别为半径为d的圆形的4分之1，求walking trace的面积 条件1：矩形周长是36 条件2：d=20

平行四边形边长为6，面积为18，求角度可能是以下哪个？ 30 45 60 90 120