上周没讲专题，我们这周补上，另外，我身体没什么事情，各位不用再问我问题前加句前言不搭后语的话：老师，听说你身体不好，一定要注意哦！天气太热了；我问你个问题。。。。，让我感觉前后内容完全脱节，还是直接问吧，别绕了，又绕不好！ Comparable worth, as a standard applied to eliminate inequities in pay, insists that the values of certain tasks performed in dissimilar jobs can be compared. In the last decade, this approach has become a critical social policy issue, as large numbers of private-sector firms and industries as well as federal, state, and local governmental entities have adopted comparable worth policies or begun to consider doing so. This widespread institutional awareness of comparable worth indicates increased public awareness that pay inequities--that is, situations in which pay is not "fair" because it does not reflect the true value of a job--exist in the labor market. However, the question still remains: have the gains already made in pay equity under comparable worth principles been of a precedent-setting nature or are they mostly transitory, a function of concessions made by employers to mislead female employees into believing that they have made long-term pay equity gains? Comparable worth pay adjustments are indeed precedent-setting. Because of the principles driving them, other mandates that can be applied to reduce or eliminate unjustified pay gaps between male and female workers have not remedied perceived pay inequities satisfactorily for the litigants in cases in which men and women hold different jobs. But whenever comparable worth principles are applied to pay schedules, perceived unjustified pay differences are eliminated. In this sense, then, comparable worth is more comprehensive than other mandates, such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Neither compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs across occupational categories) in an effort to determine whether or not what is necessary to perform these tasks--know-how, problem-solving, and accountability--can be quantified in terms of its dollar value to the employer. Comparable worth, on the other hand, takes as its premise that certain tasks in dissimilar jobs may require a similar amount of training, effort, and skill; may carry similar responsibility; may be carried on in an environment having a similar impact upon the worker; and may have a similar dollar value to the employer. Question #43. 281-01 (23269-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-01) Which of the following most accurately states the central purpose of the passage? (A) To criticize the implementation of a new procedure (B) To assess the significance of a change in policy (C) To illustrate how a new standard alters procedures (D) To explain how a new policy is applied in specific cases (E) To summarize the changes made to date as a result of social policy Many United States companies believe that the rising cost of employees' health care benefits has hurt the country's competitive position in the global market by raising production costs and thus increasing the prices of exported and domestically sold goods. As a result, these companies have shifted health care costs to employees in the form of wage deductions or high deductibles. This strategy, however, has actually hindered companies' competitiveness. For example, cost shifting threatens employees' health because many do not seek preventive screening. Also, labor relations have been damaged: the percentage of strikes in which health benefits were a major issue rose from 18 percent in 1986 to 78 percent in 1989. Health care costs can be managed more effectively if companies intervene in the supply side of health care delivery just as they do with other key suppliers: strategies used to procure components necessary for production would work in procuring health care. For example, the make/buy decision--the decision whether to produce or purchase parts used in making a product--can be applied to health care. At one company, for example, employees receive health care at an on-site clinic maintained by the company. The clinic fosters morale, resulting in a low rate of employees leaving the company. Additionally, the company has constrained the growth of health care costs while expanding medical services. Question #47. 323-01 (23463-!-item-!-188;#058&000323-01) The passage is primarily concerned with (A) providing support for a traditional theory (B) comparing several explanations for a problem (C) summarizing a well-known research study (D) recommending an alternative approach (E) criticizing the work of a researcher Dendrochronology, the study of tree-ring records to glean information about the past, is possible because each year a tree adds a new layer of wood between the existing wood and the bark. In temperate and subpolar climates, cells added at the growing season's start are large and thin-walled, but later the new cells that develop are smaller and thick-walled; the growing season is followed by a period of dormancy. When a tree trunk is viewed in cross section, a boundary line is normally visible between the small-celled wood added at the end of the growing season in the previous year and the large-celled spring wood of the following year's growing season. The annual growth pattern appears as a series of larger and larger rings. In wet years rings are broad; during drought years they are narrow, since the trees grow less. Often, ring patterns of dead trees of different, but overlapping, ages can be correlated to provide an extended index of past climate conditions. However, trees that grew in areas with a steady supply of groundwater show little variation in ring width from year to year; these "complacent" rings tell nothing about changes in climate. And trees in extremely dry regions may go a year or two without adding any rings, thereby introducing uncertainties into the count. Certain species sometimes add more than one ring in a single year, when growth halts temporarily and then starts again. The passage is primarily concerned with (A) evaluating the effect of climate on the growth of trees of different species (B) questioning the validity of a method used to study tree-ring records (C) explaining how climatic conditions can be deduced from tree-ring patterns (D) outlining the relation between tree size and cell structure within the tree (E) tracing the development of a scientific method of analyzing tree-ring patterns What kinds of property rights apply to Algonquian family hunting territories, and how did they come to be? The dominant view in recent decades has been that family hunting territories, like other forms of private landownership, were not found among Algonquians (a group of North American Indian tribes) before contact with Europeans but are the result of changes in Algonquian society brought about by the European-Algonquian fur trade, in combination with other factors such as ecological changes and consequent shifts in wildlife harvesting patterns. Another view claims that Algonquian family hunting territories predate contact with Europeans and are forms of private landownership by individuals and families. More recent fieldwork, however, has shown that individual and family rights to hunting territories form part of a larger land-use system of multifamilial hunting groups, that rights to hunting territories at this larger community level take precedence over those at the individual or family level, and that this system reflects a concept of spiritual and social reciprocity that conflicts with European concepts of private property. In short, there are now strong reasons to think that it was erroneous to claim that Algonquian family hunting territories ever were, or were becoming, a kind of private property system. Question #53. 351-01 (23751-!-item-!-188;#058&000351-01) The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) provide an explanation for an unexpected phenomenon (B) suggest that a particular question has yet to be answered (C) present a new perspective on an issue (D) defend a traditional view from attack (E) reconcile opposing sides of an argument Many people believe that because wages are lower in developing countries than in developed countries, competition from developing countries in goods traded internationally will soon eliminate large numbers of jobs in developed countries. Currently, developed countries' advanced technology results in higher productivity, which accounts for their higher wages. Advanced technology is being transferred ever more speedily across borders, but even with the latest technology, productivity and wages in developing countries will remain lower than in developed countries for many years because developed countries have better infrastructure and better-educated workers. When productivity in a developing country does catch up, experience suggests that wages there will rise. Some individual firms in developing countries have raised their productivity but kept their wages (which are influenced by average productivity in the country's economy) low. However, in a developing country's economy as a whole, productivity improvements in goods traded internationally are likely to cause an increase in wages. Furthermore, if wages are not allowed to rise, the value of the country's currency will appreciate, which (from the developed countries' point of view) is the equivalent of increased wages in the developing country. And although in the past a few countries have deliberately kept their currencies undervalued, that is now much harder to do in a world where capital moves more freely. Question #56. 549-01 (23894-!-item-!-188;#058&000549-01) The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) identify the origin of a common misconception (B) discuss the implications of a generally accepted principle (C) present information relevant in evaluating a commonly held belief (D) defend a controversial assertion against a variety of counterarguments (E) explain under what circumstances a well-known phenomenon occurs A recent study has provided clues to predator-prey dynamics in the late Pleistocene era. Researchers compared the number of tooth fractures in present-day carnivores with tooth fractures in carnivores that lived 36,000 to 10,000 years ago and that were preserved in the Rancho La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles. The breakage frequencies in the extinct species were strikingly higher than those in the present-day species. In considering possible explanations for this finding, the researchers dismissed demographic bias because older individuals were not overrepresented in the fossil samples. They rejected preservational bias because a total absence of breakage in two extinct species demonstrated that the fractures were not the result of abrasion within the pits. They ruled out local bias because breakage data obtained from other Pleistocene sites were similar to the La Brea data. The explanation they consider most plausible is behavioral differences between extinct and present-day carnivores--in particular, more contact between the teeth of predators and the bones of prey due to more thorough consumption of carcasses by the extinct species. Such thorough carcass consumption implies to the researchers either that prey availability was low, at least seasonally, or that there was intense competition over kills and a high rate of carcass theft due to relatively high predator densities. Question #59. 560-01 (24039-!-item-!-188;#058&000560-01) The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) present several explanations for a well-known fact (B) suggest alternative methods for resolving a debate (C) argue in favor of a controversial theory (D) question the methodology used in a study (E) discuss the implications of a research finding

a sequence 是由 26 个字母:21 个辅音 5 个元音中随机抽叏三个组成,问抽到的这三 个字母里有 at least 2 vowels 有多少种可能? 铅笔是我写的 绿色的是机经给出的答案 请老师指导我的思路的问题 多谢！

这里的时态不理解。为什么后面是would have 是虚拟语气的话前面不应该是had gone吗？

早安麻烦老师帮我解答一下61题，我不懂这个解释。我的思路是：9个人两组，人数多那一组最多不能超过6个人，那么一共有两种分法 4 5和3 6 。然后结合题目要求人多的那一组必须包含固定的五个人 a b c e f , 如果是 4 5 分 多的那一组只能是这五个人 那分法是固定的。如果是 3 6 分 六人组里面固定五个人 剩下一个从剩下的四个人里选一个搭配是 C 41 ,所以一共有四种分法 。总共五种分法满足题目要求 所以我觉得这个概率应该是 5/210

麻烦老师给我解答一下68题，如图例举的是十个点里面选六个的所有情况，那肯定包含一种情况是六个点相邻的，这种情况就不能构成一个六边形，所以这个答案是否有点问题？还是我哪里想错了呢？

Such as 是插入语 which为什么不能指代wild places？怎么判断用限定还是非限定性从句？

我能判断出的： A . but also 单独出现的时候表示转折（不太确定这里） B. 留着了，B让我看着不顺的地方是 主句的also 感觉是和前定从呼应，说不上是什么错，但.. C. 原因状从because 后不是完整句子 D. 比较对象不一致， 应该是...as the Moon (has) E. 我选了E，感觉句子说的很清晰，唯一心有余悸的就是这个so, 选的时候 把so 当做了副词看 问题： 1.E的不好是因为 so 表示“所以”的意思时，是连词要连接2个完整句么？ 2. 请老师讲解B 也欢迎纠正我做题思路的错误 多谢❤️！

如果一个句子里面有过去时和现在完成时，这两个动作哪个是先发生的？ 如果一个句子里面有过去时和过去完成时，这两个动作哪个是先发生的？ 如果句子中间是用；分开的的两个句子时态还会相互影响吗？ 这个题目里面after是介词不是时间状语从句对吗？

"思路： -觉得同位语比which好，排除AB -D的that was not successful有歧义 因为可 修饰到kings或者是achievement 上；排除 -CE里面 觉得C好 but后面虽然省略了主语 但这句的主语就只有other S kings"；it就是指前面的那个事，觉得没毛病； 我的问题是：（1）C这里没有E好的的原因是 but之后没有主语么 ？（2）E里面 "without success"修饰的是谁呢？是other S kings， 还是other S kings的这个动作？像 主谓宾 with xxx这种结构，with在最后的话 一般修饰的是啥？ 谢谢老师！

Years before the advent of plate tectonics―the widely accepted theory, developed in the mid-1960's, the holds that the major features of Earth's surface are created by the horizontal motions of Earth's outer shell, or lithosphere―a similar theory was rejected by the geological community. In 1912, Alfred Wegener proposed, in a widely debated theory that came to be called continental drift, that Earth's continents were mobile. To most geologists today, Wegener's The origin of Continents and Oceans appears an impressive and prescient document, containing several of the essential presumptions underlying plate tectonics theory: the horizontal mobility of pieces of Earth's crust; the essential difference between oceanic and continental crust; and a causal connection between horizontal displacements and the formation of mountain chains. Yet despite the considerable overlap between Wegener's concepts and the later widely embraced plate tectonics theory, and despite the fact that continental drift theory presented a possible solution to the problem of the origin of mountains at a time when existing explanations were seriously in doubt, in its day Wegener's theory was rejected by the vast majority of geologists. Most geologists and many historians today believe that Wegener's theory was rejected because of its lack of an adequate mechanical basis. Stephen Jay Gould, for example, argues that continental drift theory was rejected because it did not explain how continents could move through an apparently solid oceanic floor. However, as Anthony Hallam has pointed out, many scientific phenomena, such as the ice ages, have been accepted before they could be fully explained. The most likely cause for the rejection of continental drift―a cause that has been largely ignored because we consider Wegener's theory to have been validated by the theory of plate tectonics―is the nature of the evidence that was put forward to support it. Most of Wegener's evidence consisted of homologies―similarities of patterns and forms based on direct observations of rocks in the field, supported by the use of hammers, hand lenses, and field notebooks. In contrast, the data supporting plate tectonics were impressively geophysical―instrumental determinations of the physical properties of Earth garnered through the use of seismographs, magnetometers, and computers. 我选了E considerable overlap前面是despite XXX说明这个是个成就，他和后面的反对W的观点的事情是相反的。所以感觉D说用这个词的目的是解释为啥W理论。请老师辨析DE！谢谢！

希望May老师回答一下，我理解的题目意思是有v又有c的是1/30，有v的total是1/10，那么有v没有c的是2/30。有c的total是1/5，那么没有c的total是4/5，所以没有c也没有v的是（4/5-2/30）=11/15，可是给出的答案是A，不知道哪里搞错了。