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Sound can travel through water for enormous distances, prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of boundaries in the ocean created by water layers of different temperatures and densities.
Sound can travel through water for enormous distances, prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of boundaries in the ocean created by water layers of different temperatures and densities.
Thomas Eakins' powerful style and his choices of subject—the advances in modern surgery, the discipline of sport, the strains of individuals in tension with society or even with themselves—was as disturbing to his own time as it is compelling for ours.

The Sumpton town council recently voted to pay a prominent artist to create an abstract sculpture for the town square. Critics of this decision protested that town residents tend to dislike most abstract art, and any art in the town square should reflect their tastes. But a town council spokesperson dismissed this criticism, pointing out that other public abstract sculptures that the same sculptor has installed in other cities have been extremely popular with those cities' local residents.
The statements above most strongly suggest that the main point of disagreement between the critics and the spokesperson is whether
The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's.
| Line | Conodonts, the spiky phosphatic remains (bones |
| and teeth composed of calcium phosphate) of | |
| tiny marine animals that probably appeared about | |
| 520 million years ago, were once among the most | |
| (5) | controversial of fossils. Both the nature of the |
| organism to which the remains belonged and the | |
| function of the remains were unknown. However, | |
| since the 1981 discovery of fossils preserving not | |
| just the phosphatic elements but also other remains | |
| (10) | of the tiny soft-bodied animals (also called conodonts) |
| that bore them, scientists’ reconstructions of the | |
| animals’ anatomy have had important implications | |
| for hypotheses concerning the development of the | |
| vertebrate skeleton. | |
| (15) | The vertebrate skeleton had traditionally been |
| regarded as a defensive development, champions of | |
| this view postulating that it was only with the much | |
| later evolution of jaws that vertebrates became | |
| predators. The first vertebrates, which were soft- | |
| (20) | bodied, would have been easy prey for numerous |
| invertebrate carnivores, especially if these early | |
| vertebrates were sedentary suspension feeders. | |
| Thus, traditionalists argued, these animals developed | |
| coverings of bony scales or plates, and teeth were | |
| (25) | secondary features, adapted from the protective |
| bony scales. Indeed, external skeletons of this | |
| type are common among the well-known fossils of | |
| ostracoderms, jawless vertebrates that existed from | |
| approximately 500 to 400 million years ago. | |
| (30) | However, other paleontologists argued that many of |
| the definitive characteristics of vertebrates, such as | |
| paired eyes and muscular and skeletal adaptations | |
| for active life, would not have evolved unless the | |
| first vertebrates were predatory. Teeth were more | |
| (35) | primitive than external armor according to this view, |
| and the earliest vertebrates were predators. | |
| The stiffening notochord along the back of the | |
| body, V-shaped muscle blocks along the sides, | |
| and posterior tail fins help to identify conodonts as | |
| (40) | among the most primitive of vertebrates. The lack of |
| any mineralized structures apart from the elements | |
| in the mouth indicates that conodonts were more | |
| primitive than the armored jawless fishes such as the | |
| ostracoderms. It now appears that the hard parts that | |
| (45) | first evolved in the mouth of an animal improved its |
| efficiency as a predator, and that aggression rather | |
| than protection was the driving force behind the origin | |
| of the vertebrate skeleton. |