问答

1答疑

[Reading Comprehension]

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文章：

Maps made by non-Native Americans to depict Native American land tenure, resources, and population distributions appeared almost as early as Europeans' first encounters with Native Americans and took many forms:  missionaries' field sketches, explorers' drawings, and surveyors' maps, as well as maps rendered in connection with treaties involving land transfers. Most existing maps of Native American lands are reconstructions that are based largely on archaeology, oral reports, and evidence gathered from observers' accounts in letters, diaries, and official reports; accordingly, the accuracy of these maps is especially dependent on the mapmakers' own interpretive abilities.
 
Many existing maps also reflect the 150-year role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in administering tribal lands. Though these maps incorporate some information gleaned directly from Native Americans, rarely has Native American cartography contributed to this official record, which has been compiled, surveyed, and authenticated by non-Native Americans.  Thus our current cartographic record relating to Native American tribes and their migrations and cultural features, as well as territoriality and contemporary trust lands, reflects the origins of the data, the mixed purposes for which the maps have been prepared, and changes both in United States government policy and in non-Native Americans' attitudes toward an understanding of Native Americans.

题目：

The passage suggests which of the following about most existing maps of Native American lands?

选项:

A、They do not record the migrations of Native American tribes.
B、They have been preserved primarily because of their connection with treaties involving land transfers.
C、They tend to reflect archaeological evidence that has become outdated.
D、They tend to be less accurate when they are based on oral reports than when they are based on written documents.
E、They are not based primarily on the mapmakers' firsthand observations of Native American lands.

答案:

E
1答疑

[Reading Comprehension]

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文章：

The Black Death, a severe epidemic that ravaged fourteenth-century Europe, has intrigued scholars ever since Francis Gasquet's 1893 study contending that this epidemic greatly intensified the political and religious upheaval that ended the Middle Ages.  Thirty-six years later, historian George Coulton agreed but, paradoxically, attributed a silver lining to the Black Death:  prosperity engendered by diminished competition for food, shelter, and work led survivors of the epidemic into the Renaissance and subsequent rise of modern Europe.
 
In the 1930s, however, Evgeny Kosminsky and other Marxist historians claimed the epidemic was merely an ancillary factor contributing to a general agrarian crisis stemming primarily from the inevitable decay of European feudalism.  In arguing that this decline of feudalism was economically determined, the Marxist asserted that the Black Death was a relatively insignificant factor.  This became the prevailing view until after the Second World War, when studies of specific regions and towns revealed astonishing mortality rates ascribed to the epidemic, thus restoring the central role of the Black Death in history.
 
This central role of the Black Death (traditionally attributed to bubonic plague brought from Asia) has been recently challenged from another direction.  Building on bacteriologist John Shrewsbury's speculations about mislabeled epidemics, zoologist Graham Twigg employs urban case studies suggesting that the rat population in Europe was both too sparse and insufficiently migratory to have spread plague.  Moreover, Twigg disputes the traditional trade-ship explanation for plague transmissions by extrapolating from data on the number of dead rats aboard Nile sailing vessels in 1912.  The Black Death, which he conjectures was anthrax instead of bubonic plague, therefore caused far less havoc and fewer deaths than historians typically claim.
 
Although correctly citing the exacting conditions needed to start or spread bubonic plague, Twigg ignores virtually a century of scholarship contradictory to his findings and employs faulty logic in his single-minded approach to the Black Death.  His speculative generalizations about the numbers of rats in medieval Europe are based on isolated studies unrepresentative of medieval conditions, while his unconvincing trade-ship argument overlooks land-based caravans, the overland migration of infected rodents, and the many other animals that carry plague.

题目：

The "silver lining to the Black Death" (the highlighted text) refers to which of the following?

选项:

A、The decay of European feudalism precipitated by the Black Death
B、Greater availability of employment, sustenance, and housing for survivors of the epidemic
C、Strengthening of the human species through natural selection
D、Better understanding of how to limit the spread of contagious diseases
E、Immunities and resistance to the Black Death gained by later generations

答案:

B
1答疑

[Critical Reasoning]

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题目：

In Asia, where palm trees are non-native, the trees' flowers have traditionally been pollinated by hand, which has kept palm fruit productivity unnaturally low. When weevils known to be efficient pronators of palm flowers were introduced into Asia in 1980, palm fruit productivity increased— by up to 50 percent in some areas—but then decreased sharply in 1984.
Which of the following statements, if true, would best explain the 1984 decrease in productivity?

选项:

A、Prices for palm fruit fell between 1980 and 1984 following the rise in production and a concurrent fall in demand. 
B、Imported trees are often more productive than native trees because the imported ones have left behind their pests and diseases in their native lands. 
C、Rapid increases in productivity tend to deplete trees of nutrients needed for the development of the fruit-producing female flowers. 
D、weevil population in Asia remained at approximately the same level between 1980 and 1984.
E、Prior to 1980 another species of insect pollinated the Asian palm trees, but not as efficiently as the species of weevil that was introduced in 1980

答案:

C
1答疑

[Reading Comprehension]

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文章：

Line Findings from several studies on corporate mergers
and acquisitions during the 1970’s and 1980’s raise
questions about why firms initiate and consummate
such transactions. One study showed, for example,
(5) that acquiring firms were on average unable to
maintain acquired firms’ pre-merger levels of
profitability. A second study concluded that post-
acquisition gains to most acquiring firms were not
adequate to cover the premiums paid to obtain
(10) acquired firms. A third demonstrated that, following
the announcement of a prospective merger, the
stock of the prospective acquiring firm tends to
increase in value much less than does that of the
firm for which it bids. Yet mergers and acquisitions
(15) remain common, and bidders continue to assert
that their objectives are economic ones.
Acquisitions may well have the desirable effect of
channeling a nation’s resources efficiently from less
to more efficient sectors of its economy, but the
(20) individual acquisitions executives arranging these
deals must see them as advancing either their own
or their companies’ private economic interests. It
seems that factors having little to do with corporate
economic interests explain acquisitions. These
(25) factors may include the incentive compensation of
executives, lack of monitoring by boards of
directors, and managerial error in estimating the
value of firms targeted for acquisition. Alternatively,
the acquisition acts of bidders may derive from
(30) modeling: a manager does what other managers do.

题目：

The author of the passage mentions the effect of acquisitions on national economies most probably in order to

选项:

A、
provide an explanation for the mergers and acquisitions of the 1970's and 1980's overlooked by the findings discussed in the passage
B、
suggest that national economic interests played an important role in the mergers and acquisitions of the 1970's and 1980's
C、
support a noneconomic explanation for the mergers and acquisitions of the 1970's and 1980's that was cited earlier in the passage
D、
cite and point out the inadequacy of one possible explanation for the prevalence of mergers and acquisitions during the 1970's and 1980's
E、
explain how modeling affected the decisions made by managers involved in mergers and acquisitions during the 1970's and 1980's

答案:

D
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[Critical Reasoning]

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题目：

Automobile Dealer's Advertisement:
 
The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class.  This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.
 
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?

选项:

A、The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.
B、In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.
C、Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.
D、The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.
E、The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.

答案:

C
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[Critical Reasoning]

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文章：

At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent. What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, is that .

题目：

Which of the following best completes the passage below?

选项:

A、any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delayany substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage 
B、the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents 
C、all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present 
D、environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible

答案:

B
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[Reading Comprehension]

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文章：

After the Second World War, unionism in the Japanese auto industry was company-based, with separate unions in each auto company.  Most company unions played no independent role in bargaining shop-floor issues or pressing autoworkers' grievances.  In a 1981 survey, for example, fewer than 1 percent of workers said they sought union assistance for work-related problems, while 43 percent said they turned to management instead.  There was little to distinguish the two in any case: most union officers were foremen or middle-level managers, and the union's role was primarily one of passive support for company goals.  Conflict occasionally disrupted this cooperative relationship--one company union's opposition to the productivity campaigns of the early 1980s has been cited as such a case.  In 1986, however, a caucus led by the Foreman's Association forced the union's leadership out of office and returned the union's policy to one of passive cooperation.  In the United States, the potential for such company unionism grew after 1979, but it had difficulty taking hold in the auto industry, where a single union represented workers from all companies, particularly since federal law prohibited foremen from joining or leading industrial unions.
 
The Japanese model was often invoked as one in which authority decentralized to the shop floor empowered production workers to make key decisions.  What these claims failed to recognize was that the actual delegation of authority was to the foreman, not the workers.  The foreman exercised discretion over job assignments, training, transfers, and promotions; worker initiative was limited to suggestions that fine-tuned a management-controlled production process.  Rather than being proactive, Japanese workers were forced to be reactive, the range of their responsibilities being far wider than their span of control.  For example, the founder of one production system, Taichi Ohno, routinely gave department managers only 90 percent of the resources needed for production.  As soon as workers could meet production goals without working overtime, 10 percent of remaining resources would be removed.  Because the "OH! NO!" system continually pushed the production process to the verge of breakdown in an effort to find the minimum resource requirement, critics described it as "management by stress."

题目：

The passage is primarily concerned with

选项:

A、contrasting the role of unions in the Japanese auto industry with the role of unions in the United States auto industry after the Second World War
B、describing unionism and the situation of workers in the Japanese auto industry after the Second World War
C、providing examples of grievances of Japanese auto workers against the auto industry after the Second World War
D、correcting a misconception about the role of the foreman in the Japanese auto industry's union system after the Second World War
E、reasserting the traditional view of the company's role in Japanese auto workers' unions after the Second World War

答案:

B
1答疑

[Graphics Interpretation]

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题目：

The flowchart represents a mathematical algorithm that takes two positive integers as the input and returns a positive integer as the output. Processes are indicated in the rectangular symbols in the flowchart. Each process is symbolized by an equation, such as T = T + a. In this particular process, the current values of the variables T and a are added together and the sum then becomes the value of T. For example, if the value of T is 3 and the value of a is 7 before the process T = T + a is completed, then the value of T is 10 and the value of a is 7 after the process is completed.

Use the drop-down menus to fill in the blanks in the following statements based on the algorithm represented by the flowchart.

选项:

If 24 and 35 are entered as the values for a and b, respectively, then the first nonzero value of T is .

If 35 and 27 are entered as the values for a and b, respectively, then after the process $$b = rac{b}{2}$$ is completed for the second time, the value of b is .

答案:

A B
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[Sentence Correction]

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题目：

In archaeology, there must be a balance between explanation
of the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mys-
teries of past and present cultures, and to promote respect for
archaeological sites.

选项:

A、between explanation of the value and workings of archae-ology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures,and to promote
B、among explaining the value and workings of archaeology,revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures,and promoting
C、between explaining the value and workings of archaeology,revealing themysteries of past and present cultures,and when promoting
D、among explaining the value and workings of archaeology, the revelation of the mysteries of past and present cultures,and to promote
E、between explaining archaeology's value and workings, in therevealing the mysteries of past and present cultures,and in promoting

答案:

B
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[Problem Solving]

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题目：

List K consists of 12 consecutive integers. If –4 is the least integer in list K, what is the range of the positive integers in list K ?

选项:

A、 5
B、 6
C、 7
D、11
E、12

答案:

B
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1145浏览

[Undefined]

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Art historian: Unlike many artistic traditions that sought to depict plants native to the local area in a seasonally appropriate way (for example, depicting scenes of spring with the plants in the appropriate stages of development for that season), seventeenth-century Dutch artists specializing in flower paintings almost exclusively chose to depict exotic species of flowers from outside the local area. Painting such species was worthwhile primarily because the art-buying public had developed a strong preference for images of the exotic. The great botanical centers of the time gave the artists direct access to such flowers, which the artists would freely combine in a single painting, regardless of whether the combined species occurred together in the wild, and depicted each in full bloom, regardless of whether those species bloomed at the same time in nature.

Statement: The art historian makes the point that the species of flowers these Dutch artists chose to paint were 1 largely because the species were 2 .

Select for 1 and for 2 the options that complete the statement so that it is most strongly supported by the information provided. Make only two selections, one in each column.
我选的CE，和EC有什么区别？怎么选出EC的？
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3268浏览

[Undefined]

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An unusually severe winter occurred in Europe after the continent was blanketed by a blue haze resulting from the eruption of the Laki Volcano in the European republic of Iceland in the summer of 1984.  Thus, it is evident that major eruptions cause the atmosphere to become cooler than it would be otherwise.
Which of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
C选项为什么就不会有张冠李戴的问题呢，1984和1982的气候情况能一样吗，C里的火山就可以试用于原文的火山吗
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3623浏览

[Undefined]

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The rate of a certain chemical reaction is directly proportional to the square of the concentration of chemical A present and inversely proportional to the concentration of chemical B present. If the concentration of chemical B is increased by 100 percent, which of the following is closest to the percent change in the concentration of chemical A required to keep the reaction rate unchanged?
为什么这个题一定是相乘不能是相加呢？y=k1A方-k2B （k1,k2大于0 ），也满足题目说的与A方成正比与B成反比啊？但是这道题只有相乘的情况才能选出正确答案
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1202浏览

[Undefined]

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Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect.  However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack.  Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.
 
Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?
答案C是怎么支持一个猜想又削弱另一个猜想的？
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2755浏览

[GWD]

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The author of the passage implies that which of the following is a possible partial explanation for acquisition behavior during the 1970's and 1980's?
请解释这道题为什么不选C或E，除了正确选项B，我认为文中也正确地提到了这两个选项可以解释acquisition behavior during 1970s and 80s
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1897浏览

[OG]

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The primary purpose of the passage is to
为什么选E不选B
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1215浏览

[Undefined]

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Club X has more than 10 but fewer than 40 members. Sometimes the members sit at tables with 3 members at one table and 4 members at each of the other tables, and sometimes they sit at tables with 3 members at one table and 5 members at each of the other tables. If they sit at tables with 6 members at each table except one and fewer than 6 members at that one table, how many members will be at the table that has fewer than 6 members?
提问小梅老师 这道题求讲一下 我没什么思路 带入数字得的是3
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1278浏览

[Undefined]

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A photography dealer ordered 60 Model X cameras to be sold for $250 each, which represents a 20 percent markup over the dealer's initial cost for each camera. Of the cameras ordered, 6 were never sold and were returned to the manufacturer for a refund of 50 percent of the dealer's initial cost. What was the dealer's approximate profit or loss as a percent of the dealer's initial cost for the 60 cameras?
请问小梅老师 这道题讲讲一下 我算的是19% 原来成本是200每个 亏了6个 每个亏100. 最后得不出答案
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303209浏览

[Undefined]

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Analytical!
请问may老师，这题该用什么思路来做？
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310336浏览

[Undefined]

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Analytical!
请问张老师，这道题为什么D不对？我有我觉得second paragraph最后一句话特别指向D
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