问答

1答疑

[Reading Comprehension]

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文章：

Line         Because the framers of the United States
  Constitution (written in 1787) believed that protecting
  property rights relating to inventions would encourage
  the new nation’s economic growth, they gave
(5) Congress—the national legislature—a constitutional
  mandate to grant patents for inventions. The resulting
  patent system has served as a model for those in
  other nations. Recently, however, scholars have
  questioned whether the American system helped
(10) achieve the framers’ goals. These scholars have
  contended that from 1794 to roughly 1830, American
  inventors were unable to enforce property rights
  because judges were “antipatent” and routinely
  invalidated patents for arbitrary reasons. This
(15) argument is based partly on examination of court
  decisions in cases where patent holders (“patentees”)
  brought suit alleging infringement of their patent
  rights. In the 1820s, for instance, 75 percent
  of verdicts were decided against the patentee.
(20) The proportion of verdicts for the patentee began to
  increase in the 1830s, suggesting to these scholars
  that judicial attitudes toward patent rights began
  shifting then.
       Not all patent disputes in the early nineteenth
(25) century were litigated, however, and litigated
  cases were not drawn randomly from the
  population of disputes. Therefore the rate of
  verdicts in favor of patentees cannot be used
  by itself to gauge changes in judicial attitudes
(30) or enforceability of patent rights. If early judicial
  decisions were prejudiced against patentees, one
  might expect that subsequent courts—allegedly
  more supportive of patent rights—would reject
  the former legal precedents. But pre-1830
(35) cases have been cited as frequently as later
  decisions, and they continue to be cited today,
  suggesting that the early decisions, many of
  which clearly declared that patent rights were
  a just recompense for inventive ingenuity,
(40) provided a lasting foundation for patent law.
  The proportion of judicial decisions in favor of
  patentees began to increase during the 1830s
  because of a change in the underlying population
  of cases brought to trial. This change was partly
(45) due to an 1836 revision to the patent system:
  an examination procedure, still in use today, was
  instituted in which each application is scrutinized
  for its adherence to patent law. Previously,
  patents were automatically granted upon payment
(50) of a $30 fee.


题目：

The author of the passage cites which of the following as evidence challenging the argument referred to in lines 14–15 ?

选项:

A、The proportion of cases that were decided against patentees in the 1820s
B、The total number of patent disputes that were litigated from 1794 to 1830
C、The fact that later courts drew upon the legal precedents set in pre-1830 patent cases
D、The fact that the proportion of judicial decisions in favor of patentees began to increase during the 1830s
E、The constitutional rationale for the 1836 revision of the patent system

答案:

C
1答疑

[Argument Essay]

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题目：

Read the statement and the instructions that follow it, and then make any notes that will help you plan your response. Begin typing your response in the box at the bottom of the screen.
    
The following appeared in a memo to the Saluda town council from the town's business manager.
 
"Research indicates that those, who exercise regularly are hospitalized less than half as often as those who don't exercise. By providing a well-equipped gym for Saluda's municipal employees, we should be able to reduce the cost of our group health insurance coverage by approximately 50% and thereby achieve a balanced town budget"
 
 Discuss how wall reasoned...etc.

选项:

答案:

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[Sentence Correction]

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题目：

In the textbook publishing business,the second quarter is historically weak, because revenues are1ow and marketing expenses are high as companies prepare for the coming school year.

选项:

A、1ow and marketing expenses are high as companies preparelow and their marketing expenses are high as they prepare
B、low with higher marketing expenses in preparation
C、low, while marketing expenses are higher to prepare
D、low, while their marketing expenses are higher in preparation

答案:

A
1答疑

[Critical Reasoning]

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题目：

Ferber's syndrome, a viral disease that frequently affects cattle, is transmitted to these animals through infected feed. Even though chickens commercially raised for meat are often fed the type of feed identified as the source of infection in cattle, Ferber's syndrome is only rarely observed in chickens. This fact, however, does not indicate that most chickens are immune to the virus that causes Ferber's syndrome, since ______________.

选项:

A、chickens and cattle are not the only kinds of farm animal that are typically fed the type of feed liable to be contaminated with the virus that causes Ferber's syndrome
B、Ferber's syndrome has been found in animals that have not been fed the type of feed liable to be contaminated with the virus that can cause the disease
C、resistance to some infectious organisms such as the virus that causes Ferber's syndrome can be acquired by exposure to a closely related infectious organism
D、chickens and cattle take more than a year to show symptoms of Ferber's syndrome, and chickens commercially raised for meat, unlike cattle, are generally brought to market during the first year of life
E、the type of feed liable to be infected with the virus that causes Ferber's syndrome generally constitutes a larger proportion of the diet of commercially raised chickens than of commercially raised cattle

答案:

D
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[Critical Reasoning]

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文章：

The pharmaceutical industry argues that because new drugs will not be developed unless heavy development costs can be recouped in later sales, the current 20 years of protection provided by patents should be extended in the case of newly developed drugs. However, in other industries new-product development continues despite high development costs, a fact that indicates that the extension is unnecessary.

题目：

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the pharmaceutical industry’s argument against the challenge made above?

选项:

A、No industries other than the pharmaceutical industry have asked for an extension of the 20-year limit on patent protection.Clinical trials of new drugs, which occur after the patent is granted and before the new drug can be marketed, often now take as long as 10 years to complete
B、There are several industries in which the ratio of research and development costs to revenues is higher than it is in the pharmaceutical industry.
C、An existing patent for a drug does not legally prevent pharmaceutical companies from bringing to market alternative drugs, provided they are sufficiently dissimilar to the patented drug
D、Much recent industrial innovation has occurred in products—for example, in the computer and electronics industries—for which patent protection is often very ineffective.

答案:

B
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[Critical Reasoning]

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题目：

Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty.  It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity.  However, studies show that a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their field at an older age than is usual.  Since by the age of forty the large majority of scientists have been working in their field for at least fifteen years, the studies' finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not that they have simply aged but rather that they generally have spent too long in a given field.
 
In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

选项:

A、The first is the position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second is an objection that has been raised against a position defended in the argument.
B、The first is a claim that has been advanced in support of a position that the argument opposes; the second is a finding that has been used in support of that position.
C、The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is a finding that has been used in support of that explanation.
D、The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is a finding on which that challenge is based.
E、The first is an explanation that the argument defends; the second is a finding that has been used to challenge that explanation.

答案:

D
1答疑

[Critical Reasoning]

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文章：

Editorial: Regulations recently imposed by the government of Risemia call for unprecedented reductions in the amounts of pollutants manufacturers are allowed to discharge into the environment. It will take costly new pollution control equipment requiring expensive maintenance to comply with these regulations. Resultant price increases for Risemian manufactured goods will lead to the loss of some export markets. Clearly, therefore, annual exports of Risemian manufactured goods will in the future occur at diminished levels.

题目：

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the editorial?

选项:

A、The need to comply with the new regulations will stimulate the development within Risemia of new pollution control equipment for which a strong worldwide demand is likely to emerge.The proposed regulations include a schedule of fines for noncompliance that escalate steeply in cases of repeated noncompliance. 
B、Savings from utilizing the chemicals captured by the pollution control equipment will remain far below the cost of maintaining the equipment.
C、By international standards, the levels of pollutants currently emitted by some of Risemia's manufacturing plants are not considered excessive.
D、The stockholders of most of Risemia's manufacturing corporations exert substantial pressure on the corporations to comply with environmental laws.

答案:

A
1答疑

[Reading Comprehension]

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文章：

Line         In terrestrial environments, gravity places
  special demands on the cardiovascular systems of
  animals. Gravitational pressure can cause blood to
  pool in the lower regions of the body, making it
(5) difficult to circulate blood to critical organs such as
  the brain. Terrestrial snakes, in particular, exhibit
  adaptations that aid in circulating blood against the
  force of gravity.
       The problem confronting terrestrial snakes is best
(10) illustrated by what happens to sea snakes when
  removed from their supportive medium. Because the
  vertical pressure gradients within the blood vessels
  are counteracted by similar pressure gradients in
  the surrounding water, the distribution of blood
(15) throughout the body of sea snakes remains about
  the same regardless of their orientation in space,
  provided they remain in the ocean. When removed
  from the water and tilted at various angles with the
  head up, however, blood pressure at their midpoint
(20) drops significantly, and at brain level falls to zero.
  That many terrestrial snakes in similar spatial
  orientations do not experience this kind of circulatory
  failure suggests that certain adaptations enable them
  to regulate blood pressure more effectively in those
(25) orientations.
       One such adaptation is the closer proximity of
  the terrestrial snake’s heart to its head, which helps
  to ensure circulation to the brain, regardless of the
  snake’s orientation in space. The heart of sea snakes
(30) can be located near the middle of the body, a
  position that minimizes the work entailed in
  circulating blood to both extremities. In arboreal
  snakes, however, which dwell in trees and often
  assume a vertical posture, the average distance
(35) from the heart to the head can be as little as
  15 percent of overall body length. Such a location
  requires that blood circulated to the tail of the
  snake travel a greater distance back to the heart,
  a problem solved by another adaptation. When
(40) climbing, arboreal snakes often pause
  momentarily to wiggle their bodies, causing waves
  of muscle contraction that advance from the lower
  torso to the head. By compressing the veins and
  forcing blood forward, these contractions
(45) apparently improve the flow of venous blood
  returning to the heart.


题目：

It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true of species of terrestrial snakes that often need to assume a vertical posture?

选项:

A、They are more likely to be susceptible to circulatory failure in vertical postures than are sea snakes.
B、Their hearts are less likely to be located at the midpoint of their bodies than is the case with sea snakes.
C、They cannot counteract the pooling of blood in lower regions of their bodies as effectively as sea snakes can.
D、The blood pressure at their midpoint decreases significantly when they are tilted with their heads up.
E、They are unable to rely on muscle contractions to move venous blood from the lower torso to the head.

答案:

B
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[Two-part Analysis]

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题目：

A city is hosting a table tennis tournament for its residents. Each team has exactly two players, and each player is on exactly one team. In each round, each team plays exactly one other team and either wins or loses. The winning team advances to the next round and the losing team is eliminated. No team or player drops out except by losing a game. The tournament is in progress, and exactly 512 players participated in the first round.

From the available options, select a number of tournament rounds and a number of teams such that after the specified number of rounds there will be the specified number of teams remaining in the tournament. Make only two selections, one in each column.

选项:

A、2
B、4
C、8
D、16
E、32

答案:

B D
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[Critical Reasoning]

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题目：

Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a credit-card logo.  Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many credit-card holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available.
 
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the psychologists' interpretation of the studies?

选项:

A、The effect noted in the studies is not limited to patrons who have credit cards.
B、Patrons who are under financial pressure from their credit-card obligations tend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a tray with credit-card logo than when the tray has no logo.
C、In virtually all of the cases in the studies, the patrons who paid bills in cash did not possess credit cards.
D、In general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips than do those who pay by credit card.
E、The percentage of restaurant bills paid with given brand of credit card increases when that credit card's logo is displayed on the tray with which the bill is prepared.

答案:

B
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[Undefined]

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Art historian: Unlike many artistic traditions that sought to depict plants native to the local area in a seasonally appropriate way (for example, depicting scenes of spring with the plants in the appropriate stages of development for that season), seventeenth-century Dutch artists specializing in flower paintings almost exclusively chose to depict exotic species of flowers from outside the local area. Painting such species was worthwhile primarily because the art-buying public had developed a strong preference for images of the exotic. The great botanical centers of the time gave the artists direct access to such flowers, which the artists would freely combine in a single painting, regardless of whether the combined species occurred together in the wild, and depicted each in full bloom, regardless of whether those species bloomed at the same time in nature.

Statement: The art historian makes the point that the species of flowers these Dutch artists chose to paint were 1 largely because the species were 2 .

Select for 1 and for 2 the options that complete the statement so that it is most strongly supported by the information provided. Make only two selections, one in each column.
我选的CE，和EC有什么区别？怎么选出EC的？
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[Undefined]

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An unusually severe winter occurred in Europe after the continent was blanketed by a blue haze resulting from the eruption of the Laki Volcano in the European republic of Iceland in the summer of 1984.  Thus, it is evident that major eruptions cause the atmosphere to become cooler than it would be otherwise.
Which of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
C选项为什么就不会有张冠李戴的问题呢，1984和1982的气候情况能一样吗，C里的火山就可以试用于原文的火山吗
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3606浏览

[Undefined]

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The rate of a certain chemical reaction is directly proportional to the square of the concentration of chemical A present and inversely proportional to the concentration of chemical B present. If the concentration of chemical B is increased by 100 percent, which of the following is closest to the percent change in the concentration of chemical A required to keep the reaction rate unchanged?
为什么这个题一定是相乘不能是相加呢？y=k1A方-k2B （k1,k2大于0 ），也满足题目说的与A方成正比与B成反比啊？但是这道题只有相乘的情况才能选出正确答案
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1196浏览

[Undefined]

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Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect.  However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack.  Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.
 
Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?
答案C是怎么支持一个猜想又削弱另一个猜想的？
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2747浏览

[GWD]

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The author of the passage implies that which of the following is a possible partial explanation for acquisition behavior during the 1970's and 1980's?
请解释这道题为什么不选C或E，除了正确选项B，我认为文中也正确地提到了这两个选项可以解释acquisition behavior during 1970s and 80s
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[OG]

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The primary purpose of the passage is to
为什么选E不选B
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[Undefined]

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Club X has more than 10 but fewer than 40 members. Sometimes the members sit at tables with 3 members at one table and 4 members at each of the other tables, and sometimes they sit at tables with 3 members at one table and 5 members at each of the other tables. If they sit at tables with 6 members at each table except one and fewer than 6 members at that one table, how many members will be at the table that has fewer than 6 members?
提问小梅老师 这道题求讲一下 我没什么思路 带入数字得的是3
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[Undefined]

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A photography dealer ordered 60 Model X cameras to be sold for $250 each, which represents a 20 percent markup over the dealer's initial cost for each camera. Of the cameras ordered, 6 were never sold and were returned to the manufacturer for a refund of 50 percent of the dealer's initial cost. What was the dealer's approximate profit or loss as a percent of the dealer's initial cost for the 60 cameras?
请问小梅老师 这道题讲讲一下 我算的是19% 原来成本是200每个 亏了6个 每个亏100. 最后得不出答案
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[Undefined]

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Analytical!
请问may老师，这题该用什么思路来做？
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[Undefined]

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Analytical!
请问张老师，这道题为什么D不对？我有我觉得second paragraph最后一句话特别指向D
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