Reading Comprehension
试题详情
文章：
| Line | In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, |
| unequivocal decline in women’s status with the advent | |
| of capitalism and industrialization is giving way to an | |
| analysis that not only emphasizes both change (whether | |
| (5) | improvement or decline) and continuity but also |
| accounts for geographical and occupational variation. | |
| The history of women’s work in English farmhouse | |
| cheese making between 1800 and 1930 is a case in | |
| point. In her influential Women Workers and the Industrial | |
| (10) | Revolution (1930), Pinchbeck argued that the agricultural |
| revolution of the eighteenth and early nineteenth | |
| centuries, with its attendant specialization and enlarged | |
| scale of operation, curtailed women’s participation in | |
| the business of cheese production. Earlier, she | |
| (15) | maintained, women had concerned themselves with |
| feeding cows, rearing calves, and even selling the | |
| cheese in local markets and fairs. Pinchbeck thought | |
| that the advent of specialization meant that women’s | |
| work in cheese dairying was reduced simply to | |
| (20) | processing the milk. “Dairymen” (a new social category) |
| raised and fed cows and sold the cheese through | |
| factors, who were also men. With this narrowing of the | |
| scope of work, Pinchbeck believed, women lost | |
| business ability, independence, and initiative. | |
| (25) | Though Pinchbeck portrayed precapitalist, |
| preindustrial conditions as superior to what followed, | |
| recent scholarship has seriously questioned the notion | |
| of a golden age for women in precapitalist society. For | |
| example, scholars note that women’s control seldom | |
| (30) | extended to the disposal of the proceeds of their |
| work. In the case of cheese, the rise of factors may | |
| have compromised women’s ability to market cheese | |
| at fairs. But merely selling the cheese did not | |
| necessarily imply access to the money: Davidoff cites | |
| (35) | the case of an Essex man who appropriated all but a |
| fraction of the money from his wife’s cheese sales. | |
| By focusing on somewhat peripheral operations, | |
| moreover, Pinchbeck missed a substantial element | |
| of continuity in women’s participation: throughout the | |
| (40) | period women did the central work of actually |
| making cheese. Their persistence in English cheese | |
| dairying contrasts with women’s early disappearance | |
| from arable agriculture in southeast England and | |
| from American cheese dairying. Comparing these | |
| (45) | three divergent developments yields some reasons |
| for the differences among them. English cheese- | |
| making women worked in a setting in which cultural | |
| values, agricultural conditions, and the nature of | |
| their work combined to support their continued | |
| (50) | participation. In the other cases, one or more of |
| these elements was lacking. |
题目：
The primary purpose of the passage is to
选项:
A、
present recently discovered evidence that supports a conventional interpretation of a historical period
B、
describe how reinterpretations of available evidence have reinvigorated a once-discredited scholarly position
C、
explain why some historians have tended to emphasize change rather than continuity in discussing a particular period
D、
explore how changes in a particular occupation serve to counter the prevailing view of a historical period
E、
examine a particular area of historical research in order to exemplify a general scholarly trend
答案:
E
提问：
请老师分析一下文章大意，我对第一段首句不太理解，意思是以前的编史是随着工业革命出现而出现的持续的明确的女性地位的下降，它被分析变化和持续性和解释地理和职业的变化所取代，我觉得文章结构是一段用p work支持以前编史，二段反对p work观点，一二段讲的都是change，三段讲continuity
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