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[Reading Comprehension]

试题详情

文章：

Line         Jon Clark’s study of the effect of the modernization
  of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance
  work and workers is a solid contribution to a debate
  that encompasses two lively issues in the history and
(5) sociology of technology: technological determinism
  and social constructivism.
       Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a
  technology have a decisive influence on job skills and
  work organization. Put more strongly, technology can
(10) be a primary determinant of social and managerial
  organization. Clark believes this possibility has
  been obscured by the recent sociological fashion,
  exemplified by Braverman’s analysis, that emphasizes
  the way machinery reflects social choices. For
(15) Braverman, the shape of a technological system is
  subordinate to the manager’s desire to wrest control
  of the labor process from the workers. Technological
  change is construed as the outcome of negotiations
  among interested parties who seek to incorporate
(20) their own interests into the design and configuration
  of the machinery. This position represents the new
  mainstream called social constructivism.
       The constructivists gain acceptance by
  misrepresenting technological determinism:
(25) technological determinists are supposed to believe,
  for example, that machinery imposes appropriate
  forms of order on society. The alternative to
  constructivism, in other words, is to view technology
  as existing outside society, capable of directly
(30) influencing skills and work organization.
       Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists
  by both theoretical and empirical arguments.
  Theoretically he defines “technology” in terms of
  relationships between social and technical variables.
(35) Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to
  cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is
  just scrap unless it is organized functionally and
  supported by appropriate systems of operation and
  maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how
(40) a change at the telephone exchange from
  maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches
  to semielectronic switching systems altered work
  tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration,
  and organization of workers. Some changes Clark
(45) attributes to the particular way management and
  labor unions negotiated the introduction of the
  technology, whereas others are seen as arising from
  the capabilities and nature of the technology itself.
  Thus Clark helps answer the question: “When is
(50) social choice decisive and when are the concrete
  characteristics of technology more important?”


题目：

Which of the following statements about the modernization of the telephone exchange is supported by information in the passage?

选项:

A、The new technology reduced the role of managers in labor negotiations.
B、The modernization was implemented without the consent of the employees directly affected by it.
C、The modernization had an impact that went significantly beyond maintenance routines.
D、Some of the maintenance workers felt victimized by the new technology.
E、The modernization gave credence to the view of advocates of social constructivism.

答案:

C

提问：

如何定位

解答：

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阅读546
解答： sysadmin

提问：

如何定位

解答：

点赞0
阅读547
解答： sysadmin老师

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