Line | When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus |
Garvey came to the United States in 1916, he | |
arrived at precisely the right historical moment. | |
What made the moment right was the return of | |
(5) | African American soldiers from the First World War |
in 1918, which created an ideal constituency for | |
someone with Garveys message of unity, pride, | |
and improved conditions for African American | |
communities. | |
(10) | Hoping to participate in the traditional American |
ethos of individual success, many African American | |
people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, | |
only to find themselves segregated from white | |
troops and subjected to numerous indignities. They | |
(15) | returned to a United States that was as segregated |
as it had been before the war. Considering similar | |
experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace | |
has argued that when a perceptible gap arises | |
between a cultures expectations and the reality of | |
(20) | that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a |
revitalization movement: an organized, conscious | |
effort to construct a culture that fulfills longstanding | |
expectations. | |
Some scholars have argued that Garvey created | |
(25) | the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, |
the largest revitalization movement in | |
African American history. But such an argument only | |
tends to obscure the consciousness of | |
identity, strength, and sense of history that already | |
(30) | existed in the African American community. Garvey |
did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave | |
this consciousness its political expression. |
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