| Line | In 1955 Maurice Duverger published The Political |
| Role of Women, the first behavioralist, multinational | |
| comparison of womens electoral participation ever to | |
| use election data and survey data together. | |
| (5) | His study analyzed womens patterns of voting, |
| political candidacy, and political activism in four | |
| European countries during the first half of the | |
| twentieth century. Duvergers research findings | |
| were that women voted somewhat less frequently | |
| (10) | than men (the difference narrowing the longer |
| women had the vote) and were slightly more | |
| conservative. | |
| Duvergers work set an early standard for the | |
| sensitive analysis of womens electoral activities. | |
| (15) | Moreover, to Duvergers credit, he placed his |
| findings in the context of many of the historical | |
| processes that had shaped these activities. | |
| However, since these contexts have changed over | |
| time, Duvergers approach has proved more durable | |
| (20) | than his actual findings. In addition, Duvergers |
| discussion of his findings was hampered by his failure | |
| to consider certain specific factors important to | |
| womens electoral participation at the time he | |
| collected his data: the influence of political regimes, | |
| (25) | the effects of economic factors, and the |
| ramifications of political and social relations between | |
| women and men. Given this failure, Duvergers | |
| study foreshadowed the enduring limitations of the | |
| behavioralist approach to the multinational study of | |
| (30) | womens political participation. |
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