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[Reading Comprehension]
试题详情
文章：
| Line | Manufacturers have to do more than build large |
| manufacturing plants to realize economies of scale. | |
| It is true that as the capacity of a manufacturing | |
| operation rises, costs per unit of output fall as plant | |
| (5) | size approaches “minimum efficient scale,” where the |
| cost per unit of output reaches a minimum, | |
| determined roughly by the state of existing technology | |
| and size of the potential market. However, minimum | |
| efficient scale cannot be fully realized unless a steady | |
| (10) | “throughput” (the flow of materials through a plant) is |
| attained. The throughput needed to maintain the | |
| optimal scale of production requires careful | |
| coordination not only of the flow of goods through the | |
| production process, but also of the flow of input from | |
| (15) | suppliers and the flow of output to wholesalers and |
| final consumers. If throughput falls below a critical | |
| point, unit costs rise sharply and profits disappear. A | |
| manufacturer’s fixed costs and “sunk costs” (original | |
| capital investment in the physical plant) do not | |
| (20) | decrease when production declines due to inadequate |
| supplies of raw materials, problems on the factory | |
| floor, or inefficient sales networks. Consequently, | |
| potential economies of scale are based on the | |
| physical and engineering characteristics of the | |
| (25) | production facilities—that is, on tangible capital—but |
| realized economies of scale are operational and | |
| organizational, and depend on knowledge, skills, | |
| experience, and teamwork—that is, on organized | |
| human capabilities, or intangible capital. | |
| (30) | The importance of investing in intangible capital |
| becomes obvious when one looks at what happens in | |
| new capital-intensive manufacturing industries. Such | |
| industries are quickly dominated, not by the first firms | |
| to acquire technologically sophisticated plants of | |
| (35) | theoretically optimal size, but rather by the first to |
| exploit the full potential of such plants. Once some | |
| firms achieve this, a market becomes extremely hard | |
| to enter. Challengers must construct comparable | |
| plants and do so after the first movers have already | |
| (40) | worked out problems with suppliers or with new |
| production processes. Challengers must create | |
| distribution networks and marketing systems in | |
| markets where first movers have all the contacts and | |
| know-how. And challengers must recruit management | |
| (45) | teams to compete with those that have already |
| mastered these functional and strategic activities. |
题目：
The passage suggests that which of the following is true of a manufacturer’s fixed and sunk costs?
选项:
A、The extent to which they are determined by market conditions for the goods being manufactured is frequently underestimated.
B、If they are kept as low as possible, the manufacturer is very likely to realize significant profits.
C、They are the primary factor that determines whether a manufacturer will realize economies of scale.
D、They should be on a par with the fixed and sunk costs of the manufacturer’s competitors.
E、They are not affected by fluctuations in a manufacturing plant’s throughput.
答案:
E
提问：
谢谢老师的解答，这道题我选了d 这道题应该是细节题。我对文中的专有名词比较陌生。throughput和fixedand sunk cost讲的是大概一件事，就是前期投入。
下一道题，我选了D。并没有感觉到第二段是例子
再下一道选了B.我理解的是不支持对throughput的不利影响的是哪个选项 这道也算细节题，我有点晕 文章好多地方说到了这个。我选择B,是觉得文章唯一没有提到这一点
解答：
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阅读662
提问：
谢谢老师的解答，这道题我选了d 这道题应该是细节题。我对文中的专有名词比较陌生。throughput和fixedand sunk cost讲的是大概一件事，就是前期投入。
下一道题，我选了D。并没有感觉到第二段是例子
再下一道选了B.我理解的是不支持对throughput的不利影响的是哪个选项 这道也算细节题，我有点晕 文章好多地方说到了这个。我选择B,是觉得文章唯一没有提到这一点
解答：
点赞0
阅读663
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