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[Reading Comprehension]

试题详情

文章：

Line         Jon Clark’s study of the effect of the modernization
  of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance
  work and workers is a solid contribution to a debate
  that encompasses two lively issues in the history and
(5) sociology of technology: technological determinism
  and social constructivism.
       Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a
  technology have a decisive influence on job skills and
  work organization. Put more strongly, technology can
(10) be a primary determinant of social and managerial
  organization. Clark believes this possibility has
  been obscured by the recent sociological fashion,
  exemplified by Braverman’s analysis, that emphasizes
  the way machinery reflects social choices. For
(15) Braverman, the shape of a technological system is
  subordinate to the manager’s desire to wrest control
  of the labor process from the workers. Technological
  change is construed as the outcome of negotiations
  among interested parties who seek to incorporate
(20) their own interests into the design and configuration
  of the machinery. This position represents the new
  mainstream called social constructivism.
       The constructivists gain acceptance by
  misrepresenting technological determinism:
(25) technological determinists are supposed to believe,
  for example, that machinery imposes appropriate
  forms of order on society. The alternative to
  constructivism, in other words, is to view technology
  as existing outside society, capable of directly
(30) influencing skills and work organization.
       Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists
  by both theoretical and empirical arguments.
  Theoretically he defines “technology” in terms of
  relationships between social and technical variables.
(35) Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to
  cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is
  just scrap unless it is organized functionally and
  supported by appropriate systems of operation and
  maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how
(40) a change at the telephone exchange from
  maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches
  to semielectronic switching systems altered work
  tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration,
  and organization of workers. Some changes Clark
(45) attributes to the particular way management and
  labor unions negotiated the introduction of the
  technology, whereas others are seen as arising from
  the capabilities and nature of the technology itself.
  Thus Clark helps answer the question: “When is
(50) social choice decisive and when are the concrete
  characteristics of technology more important?”


题目：

The author of the passage uses the expression “are supposed to” in line 25 primarily in order to

选项:

A、suggest that a contention made by constructivists regarding determinists is inaccurate
B、define the generally accepted position of determinists regarding the implementation of technology
C、engage in speculation about the motivation of determinists
D、lend support to a comment critical of the position of determinists
E、contrast the historical position of determinists with their position regarding the exchange modernization

答案:

A

提问：

回到文章定位 我排除了CDE ---剩下AB 我觉得B和定位的内容跟关联，更贴切 ， 选项A inaccurate 不理解 所以选A ---------看到答案后， 我的想法是 24行 misrepresenting technological determinism are supposed to 是 应该怎样。。。 那么应该怎样就是与事实相反 所以 inaccurate 不知道我后来的想法对不对 希望老师可以讲解一下

解答：

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解答： sysadmin

提问：

回到文章定位 我排除了CDE ---剩下AB 我觉得B和定位的内容跟关联，更贴切 ， 选项A inaccurate 不理解 所以选A ---------看到答案后， 我的想法是 24行 misrepresenting technological determinism are supposed to 是 应该怎样。。。 那么应该怎样就是与事实相反 所以 inaccurate 不知道我后来的想法对不对 希望老师可以讲解一下

解答：

点赞0
阅读679
解答： sysadmin老师

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