Line | Carotenoids, a family of natural pigments, form |
an important part of the colorful signals used by | |
many animals. Animals acquire carotenoids either | |
directly (from the plants and algae that produce | |
(5) | them) or indirectly (by eating insects) and store them |
in a variety of tissues. Studies of several animal | |
species have shown that when choosing mates, | |
females prefer males with brighter carotenoid-based | |
coloration. Owens and Olson hypothesize that the | |
(10) | presence of carotenoids, as signaled by coloration, |
would be meaningful in the context of mate selection | |
if carotenoids were either rare or required for | |
health. The conventional view is that carotenoids | |
are meaningful because they are rare: healthier | |
(15) | males can forage for more of the pigments than |
can their inferior counterparts. Although this may be | |
true, there is growing evidence that carotenoids are | |
meaningful also because they are required: they are | |
used by the immune system and for detoxification | |
(20) | processes that are important for maintaining health. |
It may be that males can use scarce carotenoids | |
either for immune defense and detoxification or for | |
attracting females. Males that are more susceptible | |
to disease and parasites will have to use their | |
(25) | carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas |
males that are genetically resistant will use fewer | |
carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise | |
this by using the pigments for flashy display instead. |
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